Process of Seed Germination


Understanding the Process of Seed Germination:


Seed germination is the process by which a seed develops into a new plant. It is a crucial stage in a plant's life cycle, where the dormant embryo inside the seed begins to grow and emerge as a seedling. Here's a brief explanation of the germination process:


Activation: Germination begins when a seed is exposed to the right environmental conditions. Factors such as moisture, temperature, oxygen, and light trigger biochemical changes within the seed, breaking its dormancy.


Water Absorption: The availability of water is vital for germination. The seed absorbs water through its outer coat, causing it to swell. This process, known as imbibition, activates enzymes that initiate metabolic processes.


Respiration and Metabolism: Once imbibed, the seed begins to respire, converting stored nutrients into energy. Oxygen is crucial for respiration, and seeds often require proper aeration to ensure successful germination.


Hormonal Changes: As germination progresses, hormones within the seed, such as gibberellins, auxins, and cytokinins, regulate growth and development. These hormones promote cell division, elongation, and differentiation, leading to the emergence of the radicle (the embryonic root) and the shoot.




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